several concepts on voice
1) letters: written form of language. Vowels a, e, i (y), o, u,
2) Phonetics: voice in the form of the word.
3) phoneme: the smallest unit of sound. English has 48 phonemes.
4) syllable: the pronunciation of vowels and consonants constitute a unit. ap le, stu ent, tea her, un er tand
5) vowel: loud sound is musical; not receive oral airflow obstruction; constitute the main syllable sound. English has 20 vowels.
6) Consonants: pronunciation is not loud, is the noise; mouth flow be impeded; not constitute a major syllable tone. English has 28 consonants.
7) open syllables: a) consonant vowel consonant e name bike home due; b) consonant vowel he, go, hi
closed syllable: a) consonant vowel consonant bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b) vowel consonant it
< P style = "TEXT-INDENT: 2em;"> 9) stressed syllable: pronunciation of particular words in a loud syllable.
2. vowels: (Note: The following can not be empty square brackets is the computer input phonetic)
1) [i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling
2) [i] sit, build, miss, myth
3) [e] bed, desk, head,
4) [] bad, land, bank, stamp
5) [a:] car, fast, class, plant , calm, aunt
6) [] hot, want
7) [] door , more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught
[u:] good, who, blue, soup,
9) [u] look, put, women, could
10) [] cup, come , blood, rough
11) [] girl, work, serve, nurse
12 ) [] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday
13) [ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,
14) [ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye
15) [] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow
16) [au] house, town
17) [] boy, oil
18) [] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,
19) [] pear, care, there, fair
20) [] tour, poor,
3. confusing vowel
1) [e] [] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land
2) [i: ] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid
3) [e] [AI] bet bite; red write; said side , head, hide
4) [au] [] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause
< P style = "TEXT-INDENT: 2em;"> 5) [au] [] found fond; gown gone; down don
4. consonant
1) [p] pen,
2) [b] bed, comb
3) [t] tell,
4) [d], day, played, wanted
5) [k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box
6) [g] big, go, guess, language
7) [m ] man
[n] nine, knife, autumn
9) [] bank, uncle, English, sing,
10) [l] land, world
11) [r] read, write,
12) [f] five, cough, laugh
13) [v] voice, of
14) [] think,
15) [] this, bathe
16) [s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf
17) [z] zoo, close,
18) [] sure, she, social, nation
19) [] pleasure,
20) [h] hot, who, hour
21) [w] wall, what, answer
22) [j] yes
23) [] child, teach, catch
24) [] joke, bridge,
25) [ts] boats
26) [dz] goods
27) [tr] tree
28) [dr] dream
5. confusing consonants
1) [v] [w ] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well
2) [s] [] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math
3) [z] [] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes
4) [n ] [] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang
6. pronunciation rules
1) the stressed syllable (see vowels and consonants of the sentences )
2) unstressed syllable [] banana, student, today, after, [i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday
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7. special pronunciation
1) the tonal sound: consonant before the end of the word in dollars, the following word begins with a vowel, so that the beginning of the end of the consonants and vowels to be tonal. For example: not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. After all
2) loss of blasting: blasting sound or fricative consonant followed by a burst sound, affricate, and friction, in front of the consonant burst to lose. For example: good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme
3) sound assimilation: two special sounds met together, will be issued mutate into a unique sound. For example: Would you do it? I am glad to meet you. Can you see it? Last year, this year,
8. stress
1) word stress
A) two-syllable word
a) is generally on the first syllable stressed. letter, sorry
b) have a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans-prefix such as words, and the second syllable is accented. a out, be ieve, ad ress, de ide, re ort, con emn, res ect, com are, in orm, dis uss, im ress, mis ake, en force, pre are, em loy, per it, es ape, pro uce, ex laim, trans ate
c) have de -, in-, re-, con-, pre-prefix such as stress and meanings and parts of speech, generally in terms of stress on first syllable, the other part of speech on the second syllable. ecord, re ord; insult, in ult; onduct, con uct; present pre ent; ontent, con ent
d) some compound words, and with the prefix re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, and other words, there are two stress. ut ide, re ell, ell- nown, un eal, if een, Chi ese, re- ar, post- ar
B) multi-syllable words
a) is generally the third last syllable is accented. ifficult, communist, amily, e onomy, oppor unity, de ocracy.
b) there are some two-syllable word, add a prefix and suffix became more syllables, but these words according to the original root of the stress pronunciation. arefully, in efinite, comfortable, con uctor, ac ording, dis urbance, omplicated, es ablishment,
c) ending with -eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience, ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity, ive suffix of the word stress in the suffix of the previous syllable. cour eous, cal igraphy, edi orial, his orian, peri dic, mathe atics, ex erience, suf icient, i entify, trans ation, re igious, curi sity, pro tective
d) ending with-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette suffix of the word, the accent on the suffix, but also a time stress. enter ain, emplo ee, mountai eer, Japa ese, ciga ette
2) sentence stress
A) the rhythm of English: (light) – light – heavy – light – (light) or heavy – light – (light) (light) weight
B) the length of English sentence: the sentence is determined by the number of repetition of the word, not like the Chinese, as sentences in Chinese characters by the number of decision.
C) re-read content words (adverbs re-read), light reading function words (articles, monosyllabic prepositions, monosyllabic conjunctions, personal pronouns, anti-pronouns, possessive pronouns, relative pronouns, each other pronouns, auxiliary verbs, modal verbs and the verb be
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D) does not re-read the special circumstances of notional
a) notional second time He thinks of that as a child thinks.
b) the second term is a noun modifier I met her in the railway station.
c) replace the word Which book do you want? The small one.
d) interjection of what and how What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!
e) street in the proper nouns in Wangfujing Street.
f) this in the phrase, this morning / afternoon / evening
E) function words reread the special circumstances
a) modal verbs, auxiliary verbs and verb be in the first sentence, and denial when the end of the sentence. Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I don like you. He isn a worker.
b) modal verbs that may be, and certainly surprised when. They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.
c) preposition in a sentence and end of the sentence. In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.
d) to guide the conjunction in compound sentence a sentence. If you wish, I l visit you. When he comes, I l tell him.
e) reflexive pronoun for emphasis. He couldn come himself.
English IPA total. 48 phonemes. , Of which 20 vowel phonemes, 28 consonant phonemes. For beginners to
that the use of a focus on teaching, to learn the pronunciation of 48 phonemes and distinguish. Really difficult. The author of phonetic teaching method using a relatively concentrated, the transition from teaching to some of the letter name phonetic teaching.
First, the letter classification
26 letters in English are two types: one is called vowel, and the other called consonants. Vowel
are: a, e, i, 0, u five, the rest consonants. Classified according to the letter sounds in common, and then concluded the letter name pronunciation rules
said, from which you learn about seven vowel phonemes, that is, [ei] [i:] [aj )[,][ u:] [e] [a:]. Specific teaching the table below:
vowel vowel consonant
A a [ei] Hh Jj Kk
E e [i:] Bb Cc Dd Gg Pp Tt Vv
I i [ai] Yy
O o [au]
U u [(j) u:] Qq Ww
[e] Ff Ll Mm Nn ??Ss Xx Zz
[a :] Rr
Second, the learning method with the break off both ends
17 consonant phonemes so-called “break off both ends” is the sound of the vowel letter name phonemes remove (remove the first sound , or remove the last note), the remaining consonant phonemes in the word that is its pronunciation. Ss this letter as the name sounds as [es], the [e] phoneme removed, the remaining [s] the consonant phonemes, that is called the “pinch head”; Bb this letter, the name sounds as [bi:], the [i :] phoneme removed, the remaining [b] the consonant phonemes, that is called “de-tail.” There are 26 letters in the 15 consonants and a vowel and a semi-vowel can “break off both ends Act” to get their consonant phonemes.
(a) with the “pinch head method” learning six consonant phonemes
Ff [ef] [e] [f] Ll [el] [e] [1]
[f] [ l]
Mm [em] [e] [m] Nn [en] [e] [n]
[m] [n]
Ss [es] [e] [s] Xx [eks] [e] [k] [s]
[s] [k]
(b) with the “end of Act to” learn nine consonant phonemes
Bb [bi:] [b] [i:] Cc [si:] [s] [i:]
[b] [s]
Dd [di:] [d] [i:] Jj [d3ei] [ d3] [ei]
[d] [d3]
Kk [kei] [k] [ei] Pp [pi:] [p] [i:]
[k] [p ]
Tt [ti:] [t] [i:] Vv [vi:] [v] [i:]
[t] [v]
ZZ [zed] [z] [e] [d]
[z]
vowel / α :/,/?/,/?:/,/ u /, / u: /, / Λ /,/?/, /?:/( here is the key)
1, / α: /: mouth open, lips into a natural shape, tongue base retraction, posterior sound, long vowel, ar sent this letter combinations sound.
pronunciation: heart arm darn farm cart fast car dark barn pass hard far star park half father master
read the words: /? / and / α: / comparison
cap carp am arm lad lard ant aunt pack park
bad bard ham harm lack lark chat chart hash harsh
2, /? /: tongue out under the gums, the mouth into an oval, short vowels to consonants at the end of the word O often read the tone.
pronunciation: lot got job shop soft song top hot box pot lock watch
cost stop clock long gone wrong bottle orange doctor coffee
read the words: /? / and /? / comparison < br /> hat hot cat cot cap cop sack sock ran wrong
3 ,/?:/: than /? / opening smaller, lips into a round, prominent, tongue base retraction, a long vowel. Combination of letters or, all, alk, aw often read the tone.
pronunciation: tall fall wall walk call yawn thought walking lawn short dawn talk storm fort morning
reading words :/?:/ and /? / comparison
don dawn pot port cot caught spot sport not naught
cod cord stock stork fox fork
4, / u /: tongue out under the gums, tongue and rear elevation, lip more rounded, short vowels. Letters u, oo, ou always made this sound.
pronunciation: cook book look put good full foot would room broom push sugar woman football pudding goodbye
read the words: / u / and /?: / comparison
fall full talk book ball bull fought foot
5, / u: /: tongue with the / u /, but better than / u / lower lip than the / u / smaller, prominent, long vowels. o, oo, ou, often made this sound.
pronunciation: too soon rule boot fool school soup cool lose shoes goose whose shoot pool foolish
read the words: / u: / and / u / comparison
coot could goose good whose hood shoot should pool pull
fool full
6, / Λ /: mouth open, lips into a natural-like, short vowels.
pronunciation: cup bus gun hut sung duck lung luck cut stuck musk some honey money won mouth once couple shut up cousin fun
read the words: / Λ / and /? / comparison
cap cup bag bug sack suck ban bun rag rug
7, /? /: lip with the lip into a natural shape, muscle relaxation, mouth half open, a short vowel. /? / Spelling forms.
pronunciation: ago about asleep above again among mother brother doctor teacher never danger sugar order butter picture
8 ,/?:/: half-open mouth in the state, both sides of the lips to god, a long vowel.
pronunciation: shirt hurt burn girl bird nurse work worm curse world dirty skirt thirsty worst person curtin serve early
reading words :/?:/ and /?: / comparison
torn turn short shirt wall world
